استفاده از اعداد فازی برای اندازه گیری کیفیت خدمات در صنعت هتل داری
کلمات کلیدی: اعداد فازی، اندازه گیری کیفیت، هتل داری
Feasibility studies
This briefing sheet will explain what a feasibility study is and how to go about carrying out your own. It will show you what your feasibility study should include to make the best case for your project. It will also be useful if you are thinking of applying to the Lottery for funding for a feasibility study for your project and gives tips for applying to the Lottery. Finally, it lists sources of advice and information you can consult for more help.
If you are preparing an application for funding from the Lottery or elsewhere, or planning a capital project, this briefing should also be useful to you.
In this Briefing your plans are called 'the project' whether they are a building project or the purchase of equipment.
If you are thinking of carrying out your own feasibility study, see sections 1 and 3.
If you need to do work before carrying out a feasibility study (pre-feasibility study), use sections 1 and 3 for your pre-feasibility study and section 2 on creating a brief.
If you are thinking of applying to the Lottery for funds for a feasibility study, use sections 1,2,3 for your pre-feasibility study and section 4 for help with your application.
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Featured Article - December 2009
By Michael Ballé, Excellence Systems Group
What would Peter Drucker have to say about this? This is a question I have asked myself often, particularly when stumped with a situation that didn’t fit anyone’s expectations. I remember reading Post-Capitalist Society fifteen years ago, just as I was completing my first business book, Managing With Systems Thinking, and I remain, to this day, in awe of Drucker’s insight into the transformation of our capital driven society into a knowledge society. At the time, I had the opportunity to study something Peter Drucker mentioned several times in passing: kaizen (continuous step-by-step improvement of working practices). As part of my research on mental models, I observed how Toyota taught one of its suppliers the techniques of what is now called lean management. I was incredibly fortunate to discover a management practice focused entirely (and explicitly) on developing knowledge. Indeed Toyota’s approach to improving operations was very different than what I expected, and it took me quite a while to even recognize how it did what it did. I was looking for superior organizational know-how: the OEM teaching its best practices to its supplier. What I saw was the Toyota consultant teaching problem-framing and problem-solving skills to the suppliers engineers. They taught method, not solutions. In doing so, they consistently developed the supplier’s knowledge, whilst instigating more effective practices on the shop floor in local conditions. As a result, the supplier delivered better parts at lower cost not because they complied better, but because they knew more about both the parts and the processes.
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A good working climate is not only a requirement for job satisfaction. It is also an important success factor for a profit-driven company. Almost 200 employees at Arlanda Airport in Stockholm were included in Johan Bertlett's study, which shows that the manager is only able to influence the working climate to a limited extent. Instead, it is the interaction between the manager and the staff that is crucial.
"Of course you need a good manager if the interaction between the manager and the staff is to work," says Johan Bertlett. "But it is important to understand that the manager's situation is also influenced by the staff. Simply focusing on the manager means turning a blind eye to the contributions of the staff, and in doing so you exclude a lot of the potential that exists within the company
The best working climate is found at companies where the manager and the staff interact and where the manager creates good conditions for the staff to manage themselves and each other.
"A good manager should train his or her staff and encourage informal leadership by delegating to those who are willing to take greater responsibility," says Johan Bertlett.
In his view, there are many benefits of solving problems at operational level; first and foremost, the communication and decision-making paths become shorter and the managers can focus more on strategic management
Surely some industrial engineers still do that. But these days, industrial engineering has grown beyond the factory and into the world of business. Others have taken it one step further -- into nonprofits.
Smilowitz has co-organized a symposium, "Doing Good with Good OR: Applying Operations Research for Societal Impact," to highlight such work. It will be held at the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) annual meeting in Washington, D.C., at 3 p.m. on Feb. 18.
Smilowitz, associate professor of industrial engineering and management sciences and the William A. Patterson Junior Professor in Transportation at Northwestern's McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science, has studied ways to optimize how freight is moved: how to reduce the distance of trucking routes, for example, or how to get companies to pool their resources and lower costs. More recently, she has taken that work and applied it to nonprofits both at a global and a local level, including finding equitable and efficient distribution of relief supplies in humanitarian logistics and improving operations for mobile delivery of asthma care
Definition of Industrial Engineering - The Work of an Industrial Engineer
The field of engineering is subdivided in several major disciplines like mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, civil engineering, electronical engineering, chemical engineering, metallurgical engineering, and also industrial engineering. Certainly this disciplines can also be subdivided further. Industrial Engineering integrates knowledge and skills from several fields of science: From the Technical Sciences, Economic Sciences as well as Human Science - all these can also be supported with skills in Information Sciences. The Industrial Engineer comprehends knowledge in those sciences in order to increase the productivity of processes, achieve quality products and assures Labour safety.
